A.
How to express obligation
When
it is necessary or obligatory to do something, you express obligation.
Obligation
in the present:
·
I have to finish my
work before this evening.
·
I have got to learn
English if I want to live in the USA.
·
I must see the
doctor soon because I don't feel well.
·
It is obligatory that
I stop when the traffic light turn red.
·
It is necessary that
I take a taxi. I'm late.
Obligation
in the past:
·
I had to work extra
hours to pay my bills.
Obligation
in the future:
·
I'll have to borrow
money.
Things
to remember:
1.The
difference between "Have to" and "must" is
that "have to"indicates that someone else has imposed
conditions on us.
2.
The simple past of "must" is "had to".
3.
The simple future of "must" is "will have to".
4. Should also
expresses obligation. But there is a difference between must / have to and
should:
·
must / have
to = 100% obligation. "When the
traffic light turn red, you must stop."
·
should = 50% obligation. It's more an advice than an obligation.
" You look tired. you should have a rest."
Example:
Policeman:
Don't you know that you must stop when the traffic lights
are red
Driver:
Sorry sir. I was so absent-minded that I didn't pay attention to the
traffic lights.
Policeman:
Well sir, you'll have to pay a fine!
5.
"Be suppossed to" or "be expected to"
The
words "be supposed to" or "be expected to" are used to
express expectations.
Example:
·
am supposed to make my bed every
moming. (I am required/expected to make my bed every morning)
·
I am expected to go to school early.
(I am expected to go to school early.)
·
We are not supposed to go to a
party. (We are prohibited from going. It would probably be rude for us to go.)
·
We are not expected to welcome the
guests. (There is no expectation. People will be surprised if we welcome the
guests.)
Read
the dialogue below.
James:
Excuse me, Mr. Rudolph. May I come in?
Mr.
Rudolph: Yes, James. Come in, please. Well, how can I help you?
James:
I want to submit my math assignment. I know it’s already very late.Mr. Rudolph:
James, you were supposed to submit this assignment a week ago.
But you failed. Sorry, I can’t accept it.
James: But
please, Mr. Rudolph. Give me a second! Let me explain my situation. Please, I
beg you, Mr. Rudolph.
Mr.
Rudolph: Alright. What’s your reason?
James:
Mr. Rudolph, I was supposed to submit this assignment a week
ago, but then my mother was ill in hospital and I had to stay with her during
that time.
Mr.
Rudolph: In that case, you’re supposed to ask your friend to
submit it.
James:
I did, Mr. Rudolph. Unfortunately, she missed the paper and this morning she
found it tucked in her algebra book. She was supposed to becareful
with my paper. I just learned that she had been so careless. Please, give me a
chance.
Mr.
Rudolph: What if I turn down your assignment?
James:
Oh, please don’t, Mr. Rudolph. It will break my heart. I promise I won’t be
late again.
Mr.
Rudolph: Okay, but just this time. Next time, there will be no excuse at all.
James:
Thanks, Mr. Rudolph. You’re a good teacher.
Practice
the following dialogs with your friend then anwer the questions.
dialogue
1
Ronald:
Ryan, have you finished your assignment?
Ryan:
Not yet. What about you?
Ronald:
I've finished, but I must recheck before submitting it to the teacher.
Ryan:
We still have time to do it, right?
Ronald:
Yes. We still have two days to finish. We have to submit it the day after
tomorrow.
Ryan:
You're right. I must finish my work as soon as possible.
Ronald:
Do you have difficulties so far?
Ryan:
Yup! Will you help me, please?
Ronald:
Sure.
Questions
1.
Who do you think the speakers are?
2.
Have they submitted their assignments?
3.
When do they have to submit their assignments?
4.
What is Ronald going to do before submitting his assignment?
5..
Ryan says, "I must finish my work as soon as possible." What does he
express?
Dialogue
2
Vina:
Hello.
Anya
: Hello, Vina. It's me, Anya.
Vina:
What's up, Anya?
Anya:
I am going to the bookstore to buy a novel. Will you go there with me?
Vina:
I'd like to, but I am supposed to stay at home. My parents are going out.
Anya:
So, you and your sister will be at home?
Vina:
Yeah! I have to babysit my younger sister.
Anya
: Um .. what if I go to your house instead of going to the bookstore?
Vina:
O.K. I'll wait for you. Bye.
Anya:
Bye.
Questions
1.
Why does Anya call Vina?
2.
What is she going to buy from the bookstore?
3.
Why is Vina supposed to stay at home?
4.
What does Vina have to do at home?
5.
What will Anya do finally?
Sources:
https://www.text.co.id/expressing-obligation/
https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-obligation.php
Buku
Bahasa Inggris untuk SMK/MAK penerbit PT Intan Pariwara 2019
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